1. What is Transformer Efficiency?

Transformer efficiency measures how effectively a transformer converts input electrical power to output electrical power. It represents the ratio of output power to input power, expressed as a percentage, with power loss being the difference between input and output power.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the transformer efficiency formulas:

Where:

• \( Input\ Power \) — Total electrical power supplied to the transformer (W)
• \( Output\ Power \) — Useful electrical power delivered by the transformer (W)
• \( Efficiency \) — Percentage of input power converted to useful output
• \( Loss \) — Power dissipated as heat and other losses (W)

Explanation: The efficiency calculation shows how much power is lost during the transformation process, primarily due to core losses and copper losses.

3. Importance of Efficiency Calculation

Details: Calculating transformer efficiency is crucial for energy conservation, cost analysis, system design, and identifying performance issues in electrical power systems.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter input power and output power in watts. Both values must be positive numbers, and output power cannot exceed input power for valid calculations.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is considered good transformer efficiency?
A: Modern power transformers typically achieve 95-99% efficiency. Distribution transformers usually range from 97-99%, while small transformers may be 85-95% efficient.

Q2: What causes power loss in transformers?
A: Power losses include core losses (hysteresis and eddy currents) and copper losses (I²R losses in windings), with additional minor losses from stray load and dielectric losses.

Q3: How does load affect transformer efficiency?
A: Transformers are most efficient at their rated load. Efficiency decreases at very light loads due to fixed core losses and at overloads due to increased copper losses.

Q4: Can efficiency exceed 100%?
A: No, efficiency cannot exceed 100% as this would violate the law of energy conservation. Output power can never be greater than input power.

Q5: Why measure efficiency in percentage?
A: Percentage provides a standardized way to compare transformer performance regardless of size or power rating, making it easier to evaluate different transformers.