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AC Power Formula:
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AC power calculation determines the real power consumed by electrical equipment in watts. It considers voltage, current, power factor, and phase configuration to provide accurate power measurements for both single-phase and three-phase systems.
The calculator uses the AC power formula:
Where:
Explanation: For single-phase systems, the formula simplifies to P = V × I × PF. For three-phase systems, the √3 factor accounts for the phase relationship between the three phases.
Details: Power factor represents the ratio of real power to apparent power. A low power factor indicates poor electrical efficiency, resulting in higher energy costs and potential utility penalties. Ideal power factor is 1.0.
Tips: Enter voltage in volts, current in amps, power factor (between 0 and 1), and select the appropriate phase type. Ensure all values are positive and within reasonable ranges for accurate results.
Q1: What is the difference between single-phase and three-phase power?
A: Single-phase uses two wires (one phase), common in residential applications. Three-phase uses three or four wires (three phases), common in industrial and commercial applications for higher power delivery.
Q2: Why is power factor important?
A: Low power factor increases current draw for the same real power, leading to larger conductors, higher energy losses, and increased electricity costs.
Q3: What are typical power factor values?
A: Induction motors: 0.8-0.9, fluorescent lighting: 0.5-0.9, resistive loads: 1.0. Power factor correction can improve values to near 1.0.
Q4: Can this calculator be used for DC power?
A: For DC power, use P = V × I (no power factor or phase considerations needed).
Q5: How accurate is this calculation for real-world applications?
A: This provides theoretical calculations. Actual power measurements should consider harmonics, voltage fluctuations, and other real-world factors.